OECD asset-backed pension history, mostly 2020-2024. Russia is included as a 2019 legacy snapshot because it is absent from the current OECD feed.
| Country | Latest year | PF/GDP ↓ | PF assets, USD bn | Equities, USD bn | Bonds, USD bn | Real return |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isle of Man | 2022 | 269.0% | 19 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Denmark | 2024 | 206.4% | 846 | n/a | n/a | 4.6% |
| Iceland | 2024 | 191.3% | 64 | n/a | n/a | 6.2% |
| Switzerland | 2024 | 166.9% | 1,523 | n/a | n/a | 6.5% |
| Canada | 2024 | 157.9% | 3,376 | n/a | n/a | 8.1% |
| United States | 2024 | 153.3% | 44,778 | 17,211 | 5,609 | 5.8% |
| Netherlands | 2024 | 150.9% | 1,760 | 481 | 682 | 3.8% |
| Australia | 2024 | 135.1% | 2,392 | 755 | 182 | 4.9% |
| Liechtenstein | 2023 | 117.8% | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3.5% |
| Sweden | 2024 | 115.8% | 671 | n/a | n/a | 5.7% |
| Namibia | 2024 | 106.6% | 14 | 5 | 3 | 7.7% |
| South Africa | 2023 | 83.2% | 315 | n/a | n/a | 4.3% |
| Singapore | 2024 | 82.0% | 441 | 1 | n/a | n/a |
| United Kingdom | 2024 | 78.4% | 2,806 | 384 | 753 | -0.1% |
| Israel | 2024 | 69.4% | 380 | 52 | 193 | 10.0% |
| Finland | 2024 | 65.2% | 187 | 91 | 36 | 7.9% |
| Malaysia | 2024 | 65.1% | 281 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Chile | 2024 | 59.3% | 187 | 13 | 81 | 3.4% |
| Botswana | 2024 | 58.0% | 11 | 7 | 2 | n/a |
| Hong Kong (China) | 2024 | 52.9% | 216 | n/a | n/a | 7.1% |
| El Salvador | 2021 | 44.6% | 13 | n/a | n/a | -0.5% |
| Costa Rica | 2024 | 42.2% | 41 | 0 | 29 | 9.2% |
| Lesotho | 2024 | 41.6% | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6.4% |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 2020 | 38.7% | 8 | 2 | 4 | 2.5% |
| Malta | 2024 | 38.2% | 9 | 3 | 1 | 5.8% |
| New Zealand | 2024 | 37.2% | 90 | 45 | 24 | n/a |
| Japan | 2024 | 34.5% | 1,341 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Korea | 2024 | 31.8% | 552 | n/a | n/a | 2.5% |
| Kosovo | 2024 | 31.0% | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6.9% |
| Belgium | 2024 | 30.3% | 193 | n/a | n/a | 4.9% |
| Uruguay | 2024 | 30.0% | 22 | 0 | 17 | 4.3% |
| Croatia | 2024 | 29.6% | 26 | 6 | 16 | 1.2% |
| Colombia | 2024 | 27.1% | 105 | 7 | 43 | 6.5% |
| Ireland | 2024 | 26.2% | 153 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Jamaica | 2024 | 25.7% | 5 | 1 | 2 | n/a |
| Latvia | 2024 | 24.3% | 10 | 0 | 2 | 9.0% |
| Brazil | 2024 | 24.3% | 461 | 11 | 53 | n/a |
| Maldives | 2024 | 23.8% | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0.4% |
| Mexico | 2024 | 22.1% | 370 | 71 | 269 | 4.4% |
| Estonia | 2024 | 18.0% | 7 | n/a | n/a | 11.3% |
| North Macedonia | 2024 | 17.6% | 3 | 0 | 2 | 4.3% |
| Malawi | 2024 | 17.1% | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2.9% |
| Kazakhstan | 2024 | 17.0% | 43 | 5 | 36 | 7.2% |
| Papua New Guinea | 2024 | 16.9% | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1.8% |
| Slovak Republic | 2024 | 16.2% | 22 | 0 | 6 | 10.1% |
| Dominican Republic | 2024 | 15.7% | 19 | 0 | 16 | 4.1% |
| Kenya | 2024 | 13.7% | 17 | 2 | 9 | 8.4% |
| India | 2024 | 13.5% | 520 | n/a | n/a | 4.6% |
| Bulgaria | 2024 | 13.1% | 14 | 2 | 9 | 3.8% |
| Portugal | 2024 | 12.9% | 38 | 1 | 22 | 1.4% |
| France | 2024 | 12.9% | 390 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Uganda | 2021 | 12.6% | 5 | 1 | 4 | 11.1% |
| Mauritius | 2023 | 12.5% | 2 | 1 | 0 | n/a |
| Lithuania | 2024 | 12.2% | 10 | 0 | 1 | 10.8% |
| Italy | 2024 | 11.7% | 267 | n/a | n/a | 3.9% |
| Macau (China) | 2024 | 11.6% | 6 | 0 | 2 | n/a |
| Thailand | 2024 | 10.8% | 59 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Spain | 2024 | 10.8% | 178 | n/a | n/a | 5.7% |
| Armenia | 2024 | 10.7% | 3 | 0 | 1 | 9.4% |
| Peru | 2024 | 9.9% | 28 | 5 | 10 | 2.0% |
| Suriname | 2024 | 9.7% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.4% |
| Romania | 2024 | 8.9% | 33 | 8 | 24 | 0.4% |
| Poland | 2024 | 8.4% | 75 | n/a | n/a | 0.2% |
| Nigeria | 2024 | 8.1% | 15 | 2 | 11 | -12.7% |
| Czechia | 2024 | 7.8% | 26 | 2 | 18 | 0.4% |
| Zimbabwe | 2024 | 7.2% | 3 | 1 | 0 | -78.9% |
| Austria | 2024 | 7.2% | 36 | 0 | 2 | 5.4% |
| Slovenia | 2024 | 7.1% | 5 | 0 | 3 | 5.0% |
| Georgia | 2024 | 6.7% | 2 | 0 | 0 | 9.0% |
| Indonesia | 2024 | 6.5% | 89 | 6 | 59 | 4.1% |
| Germany | 2024 | 6.4% | 286 | 2 | 73 | 0.9% |
| Morocco | 2024 | 5.8% | 9 | 3 | 0 | 4.1% |
| Ghana | 2023 | 5.7% | 4 | 0 | 4 | 2.7% |
| Russia | 2019 | 5.6% | 100 | 7 | 76 | 4.9% |
| Hungary | 2024 | 4.8% | 10 | n/a | n/a | 7.6% |
| Honduras | 2024 | 3.8% | 1 | 0 | 1 | n/a |
| Zambia | 2024 | 3.2% | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7.5% |
| Türkiye | 2024 | 2.8% | 35 | 10 | 18 | -9.3% |
| China (People’s Republic of) | 2024 | 2.7% | 499 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Guyana | 2024 | 2.0% | 0 | 0 | 0 | -8.4% |
| Luxembourg | 2024 | 1.6% | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.2% |
| Mozambique | 2024 | 1.4% | 0 | 0 | 0 | n/a |
| Greece | 2024 | 1.1% | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4.3% |
| Angola | 2024 | 1.1% | 1 | 0 | 1 | -11.2% |
| Egypt | 2024 | 1.1% | 3 | 0 | 2 | -9.3% |
| Panama | 2023 | 0.9% | 1 | n/a | n/a | 3.1% |
| Serbia | 2024 | 0.6% | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6.0% |
| Philippines | 2024 | 0.5% | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3.3% |
| Albania | 2024 | 0.3% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.4% |
| Pakistan | 2024 | 0.1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23.8% |
| Ukraine | 2020 | 0.1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.1% |
| Year | PF assets, USD bn | Equities, USD bn | Bonds, USD bn | Other, USD bn | PF/GDP | Equities | Bonds | Equities/GDP | Bonds/GDP | Real return |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | -2.3% |
| 2003 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2.2% |
| 2004 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 5.1% |
| 2005 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 9.6% |
| 2006 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 9.5% |
| 2007 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2.9% |
| 2008 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | -10.7% |
| 2009 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 10.5% |
| 2010 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 6.9% |
| 2011 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 1.6% |
| 2012 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 7.1% |
| 2013 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 7.5% |
| 2014 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 8.2% |
| 2015 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 5.2% |
| 2016 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 4.0% |
| 2017 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 6.1% |
| 2018 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 1.1% |
| 2019 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 6.7% |
| 2020 | 3,210 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 185.9% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 5.6% |
| 2021 | 3,414 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 173.2% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 5.0% |
| 2022 | 3,019 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 144.0% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | -8.9% |
| 2023 | 3,263 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 147.5% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2.6% |
| 2024 | 3,376 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 157.9% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 8.1% |
| Country | Fund | Assets US | Reporting | Inception | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | Canada Pension PlanandCPP Investment Board | 317 | 2017 | 1965 | Non-commodity |
| Canada | Caisse de dpt et placement du Qubec | 299 | 2017 | 1965 | Non-commodity |
| Canada | Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan | 176 | 2016 | 1989 | Non-commodity |
| Country | Type | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | Government | Alberta Investment Management |
| Canada | Government | British Columbia Investment Management Corporation |
| Canada | Government | Caisse de d?p?t et placement du Qu?bec |
| Canada | Government | Canada Pension Plan? |
| Canada | Government | HOOPP |
| Canada | Government | Ontario Teachers Pension Plan |
| Canada | Government | PSP investments |
| Canada | Government | Public Sector Pension Investment Board |
| Canada | Private | BC Pension Corporation, including the College Pension Plan, the Municipal Pension Plan, the Public Service Pension Plan, the Teachers' Pension Plan, and WorkSafeBC |
| Canada | Private | Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology Pension Plan? |
| Canada | Private | Healthcare of Ontario Pension Plan? |
| Canada | Private | OMERS Administration Corporation? |
| Canada | Private | Ontario Pension Board? |
| Canada | Private | Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan |
| Canada | Private | OPSEU Pension Trust? |
Source: OECD Global Pension Statistics via SDMX API; real-return series from OECD Pension Markets in Focus 2025 Table A.7. Russia uses MidLincoln legacy 2019 pension snapshot rows imported from `ml_pensiondata` because current OECD feed does not include Russia. New charts use `ml_pension_oecd_history`; legacy fund tables are retained from old MidLincoln static tables and should be treated as reference metadata.