MidLincoln Research
Australia Pension System Report
OECD asset-backed pension history, mostly 2020-2024. Russia is included as a 2019 legacy snapshot because it is absent from the current OECD feed.
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Country Latest year PF/GDP ↓ PF assets, USD bn Equities, USD bn Bonds, USD bn Real return
Isle of Man 2022
269.0%
19
n/a
n/a
n/a
Denmark 2024
206.4%
846
n/a
n/a
4.6%
Iceland 2024
191.3%
64
n/a
n/a
6.2%
Switzerland 2024
166.9%
1,523
n/a
n/a
6.5%
Canada 2024
157.9%
3,376
n/a
n/a
8.1%
United States 2024
153.3%
44,778
17,211
5,609
5.8%
Netherlands 2024
150.9%
1,760
481
682
3.8%
Australia 2024
135.1%
2,392
755
182
4.9%
Liechtenstein 2023
117.8%
10
3
4
3.5%
Sweden 2024
115.8%
671
n/a
n/a
5.7%
Namibia 2024
106.6%
14
5
3
7.7%
South Africa 2023
83.2%
315
n/a
n/a
4.3%
Singapore 2024
82.0%
441
1
n/a
n/a
United Kingdom 2024
78.4%
2,806
384
753
-0.1%
Israel 2024
69.4%
380
52
193
10.0%
Finland 2024
65.2%
187
91
36
7.9%
Malaysia 2024
65.1%
281
n/a
n/a
n/a
Chile 2024
59.3%
187
13
81
3.4%
Botswana 2024
58.0%
11
7
2
n/a
Hong Kong (China) 2024
52.9%
216
n/a
n/a
7.1%
El Salvador 2021
44.6%
13
n/a
n/a
-0.5%
Costa Rica 2024
42.2%
41
0
29
9.2%
Lesotho 2024
41.6%
1
0
0
6.4%
Trinidad and Tobago 2020
38.7%
8
2
4
2.5%
Malta 2024
38.2%
9
3
1
5.8%
New Zealand 2024
37.2%
90
45
24
n/a
Japan 2024
34.5%
1,341
n/a
n/a
n/a
Korea 2024
31.8%
552
n/a
n/a
2.5%
Kosovo 2024
31.0%
3
1
1
6.9%
Belgium 2024
30.3%
193
n/a
n/a
4.9%
Uruguay 2024
30.0%
22
0
17
4.3%
Croatia 2024
29.6%
26
6
16
1.2%
Colombia 2024
27.1%
105
7
43
6.5%
Ireland 2024
26.2%
153
n/a
n/a
n/a
Jamaica 2024
25.7%
5
1
2
n/a
Latvia 2024
24.3%
10
0
2
9.0%
Brazil 2024
24.3%
461
11
53
n/a
Maldives 2024
23.8%
2
0
1
0.4%
Mexico 2024
22.1%
370
71
269
4.4%
Estonia 2024
18.0%
7
n/a
n/a
11.3%
North Macedonia 2024
17.6%
3
0
2
4.3%
Malawi 2024
17.1%
2
1
0
2.9%
Kazakhstan 2024
17.0%
43
5
36
7.2%
Papua New Guinea 2024
16.9%
5
2
2
1.8%
Slovak Republic 2024
16.2%
22
0
6
10.1%
Dominican Republic 2024
15.7%
19
0
16
4.1%
Kenya 2024
13.7%
17
2
9
8.4%
India 2024
13.5%
520
n/a
n/a
4.6%
Bulgaria 2024
13.1%
14
2
9
3.8%
Portugal 2024
12.9%
38
1
22
1.4%
France 2024
12.9%
390
n/a
n/a
n/a
Uganda 2021
12.6%
5
1
4
11.1%
Mauritius 2023
12.5%
2
1
0
n/a
Lithuania 2024
12.2%
10
0
1
10.8%
Italy 2024
11.7%
267
n/a
n/a
3.9%
Macau (China) 2024
11.6%
6
0
2
n/a
Thailand 2024
10.8%
59
n/a
n/a
n/a
Spain 2024
10.8%
178
n/a
n/a
5.7%
Armenia 2024
10.7%
3
0
1
9.4%
Peru 2024
9.9%
28
5
10
2.0%
Suriname 2024
9.7%
0
0
0
3.4%
Romania 2024
8.9%
33
8
24
0.4%
Poland 2024
8.4%
75
n/a
n/a
0.2%
Nigeria 2024
8.1%
15
2
11
-12.7%
Czechia 2024
7.8%
26
2
18
0.4%
Zimbabwe 2024
7.2%
3
1
0
-78.9%
Austria 2024
7.2%
36
0
2
5.4%
Slovenia 2024
7.1%
5
0
3
5.0%
Georgia 2024
6.7%
2
0
0
9.0%
Indonesia 2024
6.5%
89
6
59
4.1%
Germany 2024
6.4%
286
2
73
0.9%
Morocco 2024
5.8%
9
3
0
4.1%
Ghana 2023
5.7%
4
0
4
2.7%
Russia 2019
5.6%
100
7
76
4.9%
Hungary 2024
4.8%
10
n/a
n/a
7.6%
Honduras 2024
3.8%
1
0
1
n/a
Zambia 2024
3.2%
1
0
0
7.5%
Türkiye 2024
2.8%
35
10
18
-9.3%
China (People’s Republic of) 2024
2.7%
499
n/a
n/a
n/a
Guyana 2024
2.0%
0
0
0
-8.4%
Luxembourg 2024
1.6%
1
0
1
3.2%
Mozambique 2024
1.4%
0
0
0
n/a
Greece 2024
1.1%
3
1
1
4.3%
Angola 2024
1.1%
1
0
1
-11.2%
Egypt 2024
1.1%
3
0
2
-9.3%
Panama 2023
0.9%
1
n/a
n/a
3.1%
Serbia 2024
0.6%
1
0
0
6.0%
Philippines 2024
0.5%
2
0
2
3.3%
Albania 2024
0.3%
0
0
0
2.4%
Pakistan 2024
0.1%
0
0
0
23.8%
Ukraine 2020
0.1%
0
0
0
4.1%
Pension assets / GDP
135.1%
Equity / bonds
31.5 / 7.6%
Total pension assets Unit: USD billion
0 598 1,196 1,794 2,392 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total PF USD billion Pension assets in listed risk buckets Unit: USD billion
0 189 377 566 755 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Equities Bonds USD billion Historic pension assets by allocation bucket Unit: USD billion
0 598 1,196 1,794 2,392 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total PF Equities Bonds Other USD billion Pension assets relative to GDP Unit: % of GDP
0 37 74 111 148 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 PF/GDP Equities/GDP Bonds/GDP % of GDP Annual real investment return Unit: % per year
-11.4 -5.3 0.8 6.9 12.9 2003 2005 2010 2015 2020 2024 Real return % per year
OECD Data Table
Year PF assets, USD bn Equities, USD bn Bonds, USD bn Other, USD bn PF/GDP Equities Bonds Equities/GDP Bonds/GDP Real return
2003
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-1.9%
2004
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.5%
2005
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10.1%
2006
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.9%
2007
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12.9%
2008
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-11.4%
2009
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-10.2%
2010
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.6%
2011
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.3%
2012
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.6%
2013
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10.3%
2014
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.9%
2015
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.8%
2016
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.3%
2017
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.1%
2018
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.3%
2019
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.9%
2020
1,797
444
115
1,239
132.2%
24.7%
6.4%
32.6%
8.4%
0.6%
2021
2,317
658
139
1,520
147.8%
28.4%
6.0%
42.0%
8.9%
12.2%
2022
2,107
562
123
1,423
131.3%
26.7%
5.8%
35.0%
7.7%
-8.1%
2023
2,206
630
150
1,426
129.6%
28.6%
6.8%
37.0%
8.8%
1.3%
2024
2,392
755
182
1,455
135.1%
31.5%
7.6%
42.6%
10.3%
4.9%
Legacy Major Pension Funds / Assets Country Fund Assets US Reporting Inception Origin Australia Australian National Superannuation Scheme 2530 2017 Employer & Employee Contribution
Legacy Pension Fund List Country Type Name Australia Government Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme Australia Government Military Superannuation and Benefits Scheme Australia Government Public Sector Superannuation accumulation plan? Australia Government Public Sector Superannuation Scheme? Australia Government State Super? Australia Industry AustralianSuper Australia Industry AustSafe Super Australia Industry CareSuper Australia Industry Cbus Australia Industry Energy Super Australia Industry FIRSTSUPER Australia Industry HESTA Australia Industry Hostplus Australia Industry legalsuper Australia Industry LUCRF Super Australia Industry Media Super Australia Industry MTAA Super Australia Industry NGS Super Australia Industry REI Super Australia Industry TWUSUPER Australia Industry UniSuper Australia Private ANZ Australian Staff Superannuation Scheme? Australia Private Brazil Australia Private Retail Employees Superannuation Trust
Source: OECD Global Pension Statistics via SDMX API; real-return series from OECD Pension Markets in Focus 2025 Table A.7. Russia uses MidLincoln legacy 2019 pension snapshot rows imported from `ml_pensiondata` because current OECD feed does not include Russia. New charts use `ml_pension_oecd_history`; legacy fund tables are retained from old MidLincoln static tables and should be treated as reference metadata.